Malocclusion treatment: Options & what to expect

What is malocclusion & why does it matter?

Malocclusion is the clinical term for improperly aligned teeth that can cause oral health problems such as overbite, underbite, crossbite, and crowding. When teeth are misaligned, key oral functions such as chewing, biting, and speaking are difficult to perform properly. An orthodontist is specifically trained to treat any type of malocclusion and can work effectively to improve the alignment of your teeth in your jaw. Orthodontic treatment can involve several tools and techniques to shift the misaligned jaw and crooked teeth into the right positions.

Classes of malocclusion

Dentists and orthodontists classify malocclusion into three main categories, known as Angle's Classes. These classes describe how the upper and lower teeth align when the jaws are closed and help determine the right malocclusion treatment plan.

Class I malocclusion: Normal bite with misaligned teeth

Class I malocclusion is the most common type. In this condition, the upper and lower jaws are properly aligned, but individual teeth may be crowded, rotated, or spaced irregularly.

Even though the bite is technically “normal,” dental malocclusion issues like overlapping teeth, minor gaps, or slight rotation can still affect appearance and oral hygiene. If untreated, these issues may lead to plaque buildup, cavities, or gum disease.

Class II malocclusion: Retrognathism or overbite

Class II malocclusion, also called retrognathism, occurs when the upper teeth and jaw significantly overlap the lower teeth. This results in a pronounced overbite and sometimes gives the appearance of a receding chin.

This type is often genetic but can also be influenced by habits like thumb-sucking during childhood. Class II can range from mild to severe and may cause issues with chewing, speech, and jaw comfort.

Class III malocclusion: Prognathism or underbite

Class III malocclusion, known as prognathism, happens when the lower teeth and jaw extend forward past the upper teeth, creating an underbite malocclusion. This misalignment is often due to an enlarged lower jaw or a smaller upper jaw.

Patients with Class III malocclusion may experience difficulty biting, chewing, and speaking clearly. The condition can also affect facial balance, making the lower jaw appear more prominent.

Types of malocclusion

Understanding the type of malocclusion you have helps determine the right course of treatment. Here are the most common types:

Overbite (Malocclusion overbite)

Occurs when the upper front teeth excessively overlap the lower teeth. Severe overbites can cause tooth wear, gum damage, and speech problems.

Underbite

The lower teeth extend past the upper teeth, often resulting from a misaligned jaw or genetic factors. It can lead to chewing difficulties and jaw discomfort.

Crossbite

Some upper teeth sit inside the lower teeth when you bite down. This uneven alignment can affect jaw growth in children and cause asymmetric wear in adults.

Open Bite

When the front teeth don't touch, even when the back teeth are closed. Often linked to thumb-sucking or tongue thrusting habits, it can cause speech issues.

Crowding

Teeth overlap because there isn't enough space in the jaw. Crowding makes cleaning difficult and increases the risk of cavities and gum disease.

Spacing

Gaps between teeth due to missing teeth or jaw-size mismatch. It may cause aesthetic concerns and affect bite stability.

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What causes malocclusions?

Most of the time, malocclusions are inherited. This generational passed-on dental condition can also be caused due to habits that can change the jaw structure and shape. One of the most common causes is little to no room for teeth eruption. Other causes of malocclusion are:

What are the symptoms of malocclusions?

The symptoms depend on the type of malocclusion you are suffering. They range from mild to severe and include:

Malocclusion treatment options

Depending on the type and severity of your case, malocclusion treatment can involve orthodontic devices, surgical procedures, or sometimes a combination of both. Below, we break down the main approaches used to treat dental malocclusion effectively.

Orthodontic treatments

Orthodontic treatments are the most common approach to correcting malocclusion of the jaw. They work by applying gentle, continuous pressure that gradually shifts teeth and jaws into their proper position. The treatment plan depends on your specific bite issue, age, and the degree of misalignment.

Braces

The most traditional and effective method for correcting complex cases of malocclusion teeth. They offer precise control over tooth movement and are suitable for patients of all ages.

Each type of braces has unique benefits, and your orthodontist will recommend the best option based on your dental needs and lifestyle.

Clear Aligners

For those seeking a modern and flexible way to straighten their teeth, clear aligners offer an ideal and hassle-free solution. These transparent, removable trays are suitable for mild to moderate malocclusion treatment.

Clear aligners work by applying consistent, gentle pressure to move your teeth into proper alignment. Unlike braces, they can be taken out for eating, brushing, and special occasions, making them one of the most convenient options for adults and professionals. They're nearly invisible, comfortable, and customized for your smile.

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Palate expanders

In children and adolescents, palate expanders are often used to address early bite issues such as crossbites or overcrowding. This orthodontic device gradually widens the upper jaw, creating more space for permanent teeth to erupt naturally and preventing future misalignment. Early intervention with palate expanders can often eliminate the need for more extensive treatments later in life.

Retainers

After completing orthodontic treatment, retainers play a crucial role in maintaining results. Teeth naturally have a tendency to shift back into their previous positions, but wearing retainers as prescribed ensures your bite remains properly aligned. Depending on your case, your orthodontist may recommend fixed or removable retainers to preserve the results of your malocclusion treatment.

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Habit appliances

In some children, habits such as thumb-sucking or tongue thrusting can contribute to malocclusion symptoms such as open bites or overbites. Habit appliances are specially designed to discourage these behaviors and support normal jaw and dental development. Early correction prevents long-term bite problems and promotes healthier oral growth.

Surgical treatments

In cases where jaw misalignment treatment requires structural correction beyond what braces or aligners can achieve, surgery may be recommended. Surgical treatments are typically reserved for adults or patients with fully developed jaws where skeletal discrepancies are significant.

Orthognathic (Jaw) surgery

Orthognathic surgery is a corrective procedure that repositions the upper, lower, or both jaws to achieve proper bite alignment and facial balance. This form of misaligned jaw treatment is often combined with orthodontic therapy for the best functional and aesthetic outcome.

The surgery can improve chewing efficiency, speech clarity, and overall facial symmetry. It may also help alleviate related conditions such as chronic jaw pain, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and sleep apnea. Thanks to modern imaging and surgical techniques, orthognathic surgery is safer and more precise than ever before, with faster recovery times.

Tooth extraction

In certain cases of dental malocclusion involving overcrowded teeth, tooth extraction may be necessary to create enough space for alignment. This step is often performed before starting braces or aligner treatment. While extraction may sound intimidating, it's a routine and safe procedure that allows the remaining teeth to shift into their correct positions, promoting a healthier, more balanced bite.

What to expect during malocclusion treatment?

Whether you're starting braces, aligners, or jaw misalignment treatment, knowing what to expect helps you prepare for every stage.

Initial consultation

Your orthodontist begins by evaluating your malocclusion symptoms and bite pattern through:

Treatment implementation

Ongoing monitoring

Regular checkups track progress, make adjustments, and ensure alignment is moving as planned.

What to expect after treatment?

Finishing your treatment doesn't mean the process is over; retention and recovery are crucial to maintain your new bite alignment.

Retention phase

After malocclusion treatment, retainers keep your teeth in their corrected positions. You may need to wear them full-time for several months, then only at night.

Jaw surgery recovery

Post-surgical recovery includes mild swelling or stiffness. Most patients return to normal function within 6-8 weeks, with full healing taking a few months.

Long-term results

With consistent care, you'll enjoy:

Potential risks or side effects

Though generally safe, malocclusion treatments can cause temporary effects:

Your orthodontist will monitor your progress and adjust your plan as needed.

When to see an orthodontist?

You should consult a specialist if you experience:

Early detection, especially in children, makes treatment simpler and more effective.

Introducing Caspersmile Clear Aligners for treating malocclusion

Caspersmile Clear Aligners offer a modern, comfortable, and nearly invisible solution for correcting mild to moderate malocclusion. Designed with precision technology, these custom-fit trays gently move your teeth into perfect alignment, without the discomfort of wires or brackets. Whether you're dealing with crowding, spacing, or a minor bite issue, Caspersmile Clear Aligners makes achieving a confident, straight smile easier and more affordable than ever.

How does it work?

Here's a breakdown of how Caspersmile Clear Aligner works:

Final thoughts: Straighten more than just your smile

Malocclusion affects far more than appearance; it can influence how you eat, speak, and feel about your smile. Modern orthodontics and misaligned jaw treatment techniques make correction easier, more comfortable, and more precise than ever before. From traditional braces to innovative options like Caspersmile Clear Aligners, you can choose a treatment that fits your lifestyle and needs. Caspersmile's invisible, removable trays offer a discreet and effective way to align your teeth, boost confidence, and protect long-term oral health, helping you achieve not just a straighter smile, but a healthier, happier you.

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to treat malocclusion? +

Most orthodontic treatments last 12–24 months, while severe cases involving surgery can take longer.

What is the most difficult malocclusion to treat? +

Severe skeletal underbites and open bites often require both orthodontic and surgical correction.

Is malocclusion a big deal? +

Yes. Beyond aesthetics, untreated malocclusion can cause pain, difficulty chewing, and long-term oral health issues.

When is the best time to treat malocclusion? +

Early evaluation (around age 7) helps detect and correct issues before they worsen. However, adults can benefit too.

What are the disadvantages of malocclusion? +

It may cause speech issues, TMJ pain, uneven tooth wear, and lower self-confidence.

What is the easiest malocclusion to fix? +

Minor crowding or spacing often responds well to clear aligners or short-term braces.

What habits cause malocclusion? +

Thumb-sucking, tongue thrusting, prolonged pacifier use, and mouth breathing can all contribute.

Does malocclusion change face shape? +

Yes, severe malocclusion of the jaw can alter facial symmetry. Corrective treatment helps restore natural balance.